Conformity vs. Individualism Essay - 2751 Words

We’ve all know what it feels like: walking down the halls in middle school or high school while you feel like you’re being watched†¦analyzed†¦critiqued. It would almost seem like every person you passed would be silently judging you for what you’re wearing, how you applied your makeup, how you did in the last soccer game, or what they heard you did with Jonny. The passerby’s in the hallway would place you on the high-school-hierarchy-of-coolness scale based on superficial characteristics even before getting to know you. Adolescence is a time of learning and forming an identity but it’s also a time where you are constantly being watched and evaluated by your peers, sometimes even put down by physical or verbal means. Bullying has always been†¦show more content†¦But conforming to what the majority is doing because it is deemed as cool is a whole different story. Instead of conforming to keep society running smoothly, we sometimes c onform due to fear that we will receive hateful backlash for breaking against the norm or in fear that we will be wrong. Solomon Asch explains the latter reason when he conducted an experiment to investigate the extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. In his experiment, there was only one true participant and 4 other fake participants that will help prove his point correct. Cards were shown to everyone where there were lines of different length illustrated. They all had to choose which line was the longest. The first four people at the table were the fake participants and purposely chose the wrong answers. The last person was the true participant in the experiment and in all of the experiments they conducted, the last person always went with what the rest of the group thought even though he knew that the answer was incorrect. After the experiment was conducted, the real participants were interviewed and asked why they went along with e veryone else even though they knew the answer was incorrect. â€Å"Most of them said that they did not reallyShow MoreRelatedJohn Updike’s Portrayal of Individualism vs. Conformity in Society2079 Words   |  9 Pagesstrife. Young adults often find these standards to be extremely restricting and favor freedom of action over the collective control. Commonly known as individualism, this social theory is very alive in the hearts and actions of young adults and never quite leaves a human as he or she grows older and â€Å"matures.† In middle class, Protestant America individualism is subverted in favor of traditional societal standards and customs. Protestant America happens to be the setting of three stories written by authorRead MoreEssay On Individualism And Collectivism1162 Words   |  5 Pagesessay will discuss the influence of cultural dimensions on behavior. A cultural dimension is defined as a perspective of a culture based on its values and cultural norms. In particular, Hofstede’s cultural dimension of individualism vs. collectivism will be discussed. Individualism vs collectivism is defined as the preference of a person only being concerned about oneself and looking after oneself, compared to a person who wants to remain in a closely knitted network. These are some terms with definitionsRead MoreWhy Should We Take Gym Class?1275 Words   |  6 Pagesamount of concerned parents have raised the issue of individuality vs. conformity, or letting students choose whether or not they want to take the class vs. forcing them to, pertaining to physical education. Conformity is the wise choice-- schools should make gym a mandatory class every year. Because physical education improves a student’s health, encourages teamwork, and boosts academic performance, the sacrifice of individualism is well worth it in the end. Schools must make students conform whenRead MoreSocial Expulationment950 Words   |  4 Pagesthere was a significant interaction between the condition and conformity levels for each sample. In the mere exposure condition, the level of conformity among the Indian sample was much higher than the conformity levels of the American sample (4.81 vs. .66) and this difference was statistically significant. However, the conformity levels between each sample were only slightly different from each other in persuasive argument condition (2.41 vs. 2.88) and this different was not statistically significantRead MoreHofstede’s Cultural Dimensions1107 Words   |  5 PagesGeert Hofstede. His empirical studies of work-related values have been extended to 74 countries. He has identified five major dimensions along which cultural values vary: high vs. low power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance vs. uncertainty acceptance, and short-te rm vs. long-term orientation. The aim is not to use these cultural generalisations to stereotype and to suggest that cultural groups are all the same or will not be altered atRead MoreDifferences between Homeschooling and Public Education780 Words   |  3 PagesWrite a 1,050-to 1,250- word final draft of your compare-and-contrast essay. (Home school vs. public education). Introduction The differences between homeschooling and public education are huge but can be summarized along three lines: firstly, homeschooling is just that, where the parent or an employed governess teaches the child in a home, as compared to a, school setting. Secondly, the home setting employs its own voluntary rules and schedule of education teaching whatever the home educator desiresRead MoreEssay about The Individual versus Society in the Scarlet Letter1005 Words   |  5 PagesThe Individual vs. Society in the Scarlet Letter The society we live in today grants us a variety of freedoms. No one tells us how to think or what to believe in. We decide what clothes to wear, what to do on Sundays and our religion – with no law to persuade us. These permissive decisions would not be looked highly upon in stern Puritan Society. There is no sense of individualism in 1600s Salem because laws envelop every bit of human society. With all these severe rules in place, there are boundRead MoreBook Review: How Godd People Make Tough Choices Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesto identify with the case studies. The basic premise is that tough choices revolve not around questions of right vs. wrong rather tough choices revolve around questions of right vs. right. Based on study of thousands of real ethical dilemmas, Kidder presents four ethical paradigm pairs: Truth vs. loyalty Individual vs. community Short-term vs. long-term Justice vs. mercy For a given ethical dilemma, there is usually a dominant pair. Frequently, more than one must be consideredRead MoreThe Idea Of Conformity Vs. Non Conformity Emerges1601 Words   |  7 Pages The idea of conformity vs. non-conformity emerges in the American issue for generations as the opposing views on this concept exemplify diverse consequences in choosing which path to follow. In the genre of one’s journey west toward self-discovery, On the Road by Jack Kerouac, written in April 1951 illustrates the journey of him and his friend’s across America in the post war beat generation, as they counteracted the societal norms of that time in order to discover his own true individuality.Read MoreSubcultures And Its Influence On Contemporary Society1562 Words   |  7 Pagesof subcultures are formed. The ideology of a subculture forms from the dichotomy of indifference which evokes a strong sense of frustration on both sides, majority and minority. Firstly, the reaction to non-conformity to recognised social norms, secondly, the resistance to the conformity and the need to express challenges to conventional thought. There are four main features that make up a subculture. First, consistent distinctiveness, which with a few slight variations by members, the shared identity

Walt Disney The Triumph Of The American Imagination

Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination is a biography about Walt Disney from his family’s history to his legacy he left after his death. Walt Disney is well known across the globe for his movies that changed the way animation was viewed by the public. When he started out he had to hand draw every single slide that would go into his movies and now his company uses computers to animate projects that would have taken Disney a lifetime to produce. Neal Gabler, the author of Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination, is most well known for his other books, An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood, which won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize in history, and his biography Winchell: Gossip, Power and the Culture of Celebrity, which Time named as the best nonfiction book of the year. He also writes for both the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times. He is married and lives in Amagansett, New York. This book is a very good choice because it enli ghtens the reader about one of the most popular cartoonist of all time. Although everyone is familiar with his work, not many are familiar with the life he had before and after his cartoons became famous. It is really interesting to make the connections between the man and his work because after reading this book, the reader gets a deeper understanding of Disney which leads to a better comprehension of his creations and what made them so revolutionary. The author begins the book by talking about WaltShow MoreRelatedWalt Disney: American Dream Achiever Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Disney—American Dream Achiever Dream come true, profound influence, persistent efforts, and the success after the setback; those elements compose the definition of the American Dream. Walt Disney undoubtedly was a successful American Dream achiever. 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Activity Based Costing Free Essays

Probably the most popular proposal to upgrade the traditional cost accounting system is activity-based costing (ABC). The purpose of ABC systems is to focus on the causes behind indirect costs. It is primarily a system of allocation. We will write a custom essay sample on Activity Based Costing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Activities rather than traditional departments are emphasized in order to isolate the cost drivers, which are the factors most likely to cause or contribute to the incurrence of costs. ABC systems are designed to be complementary with the technological changes in the factories due to enhanced global competition. t refers to the basis for cost accumulation, either direct or indirect, to products or services. The traditional approach to assigning costs to products is to attach those costs that are directly traceable to the product and allocate the indirect costs by a measure of volume, such as direct labor hours, direct labor dollars, or machine hours. According to Anderson and Kaplan (2004), a cardinal principle of ABC is this: if products or services are made to specifications known to add value for the customer, then activities, and hence costs, that can be removed without compromising these specifications are unnecessary and should be removed. Benefits of ABC Systems to Companies Companies can benefit from ABC through the system’s attempt to improve the allocation of indirect costs by identifying the activities that are responsible for the costs. Costs and expenses that cannot be economically traced directly to a cost objective are to be allocated on a rational basis. Costs and expenses that can be directly traced to a revenue-producing division, a single product line, or to any defined cost objective need not be allocated. Traditionally, only direct materials and direct labor were assumed to be directly traceable to separate product lines. That assumption will no longer be followed. Instead, it will be assumed that elements of manufacturing overhead, administrative expenses, and marketing expenses may be economically traced to product lines, or revenue-producing divisions. ABC as a process-based approach represents one capital budgeting strategy for analyzing investment opportunities which allows managers to vary the underlying activity drivers in business processes in order to study the impact of different levels in the process itself. Managers have the potential to learn much more about investment risks when they study the uncertainties in the business processes, rather than the traditional overview approach. This traditional approach has typically focused upon highly aggregated revenue and cost items that are merely the result of business processes. Contemporary organizations normally develop activity-based costing systems to provide more accuracy in assigning indirect and support costs to activities, business processes, products, services, and customers. ABC systems have recognized that organizational resources are needed both for direct production of goods and services and for indirect or support activities (Neely, 2002). The goal of organizations is for the ABC to measure and then price out all the resources used for activities that generate the production off and services for customers. The principal difference between the traditional costing methods and ABC systems is the number and type of cost drivers used. The traditional product costing systems uses allocation bases that may or may not have been cost drivers. Companies may find that direct labor is not a cost driver and may never be a cost driver, especially in highly automated production environments. Therefore, these companies utilize the ABC system because it uses a much larger number and variety of cost drivers than the one or two volume-based cost drivers typical for a traditional cost system. As a result the ABC method increases accuracy. Application and Benefits of ABC in the Pilgrims Manufacturing Inc. Company Activity-based costing system is effective and appropriate for the company because, as Hammer and Champy (1993) state, it facilitates the use of process-based management that represents an evolving management strategy for highly competitive environments, as opposed to the traditional, departmental management focus. Moreover, activity-based costing focuses upon the broader control span of cross-functional processes of how work really gets done in organizations, as opposed to the narrow control span of individual departments of organizations. Business processes have been discussed as a series of activities that are cross-functionally linked to achieve specific organizational objectives. An activity-based costing system should be developed within the company to satisfy some of the weaknesses of the traditional systems of accounting for and controlling costs. It is important to recognize the place of ABC systems in the overall picture of cost management. In traditional cost systems, direct materials and labor are the only costs traced directly to the product. Manufacturing overhead costs, by definition, are not traced, but allocated to the product. They may be traced to an activity or a service department or some other cost objective, but not to the product itself. Administrative, engineering and marketing expenses are not included in production costs even when they can be traced directly to the product. ABC along with other new concepts such as computer-integrated manufacturing and total cost management advocate changes in the traditional system to coincide with technological changes in the production process. Once the factory has been reorganized to provide maximum efficiency and minimum wasted resources, the cost system can be streamlined to serve the needs of managers, not just to satisfy the presentation of data in the financial statements. ABC seeks to identify activities that cause or drive costs. Once these activities are identified, product costs are assigned according to the activities consumed. Typical activities would be storage time, wait time, number of setups, number of engineering changes, and move time. The traditional cost system usually assumes that the only relevant activities are volume (measured in units of product), direct labor hours, or direct labor dollars. ABC expands these activities and claims better assignment of overhead as a result. WORKS CITED 1. Anderson, S. Kaplan, R. (2004). Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing. Harvard Business Review, November, pp. 131-138. 2. Hammer, M. Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the Corporation. New York, NY: Harper Business. 3. Neely, A. (2002). Business Performance Measurement: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press. How to cite Activity Based Costing, Papers